Apparatus and method for comparing gas pressure measurements

ABSTRACT

A singular sealed apparatus and method suitable for confirming pressure measurements in a rebreather prior to use of the rebreather. The singular sealed apparatus may have a canister lid, gas sensors and a processor, all from a rebreather, as well as a pressure sensor, an input device, a processor, an indicator and a pod with a pressure measurement outlet, a gas supply inlet, a relief valve and a gas exit valve. Alternatively, the singular sealed apparatus may have a gas sensor from a rebreather and an analyzer, a pressure sensor, an input device, a processor, an indicator, a lid and a pod with a pressure measurement outlet, a gas supply inlet, a relief valve and a gas exit valve. The inventive method is characterized by assembling the singular sealed apparatus, inputting a concentration of a gas present in a gas mixture, admitting the gas mixture into the singular sealed apparatus, expelling ambient gas present in the singular sealed apparatus, measuring absolute pressure of the gas mixture, calculating partial pressure of the gas, indicating the calculated partial pressure of the gas, measuring partial pressure of the gas, indicating the measured partial pressure of the gas and comparing the calculated partial pressure of the gas to the measured partial pressure of the gas.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application claims the benefit of Provisional ApplicationNo. 61/196,982 filed Oct. 21, 2008, which is incorporated herein byreference.

BACKGROUND

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates generally to enhancing safety in the useof breathing systems.

2. Background Discussion

Conventional breathing systems, such as systems used for underwaterdiving situations, mining, firefighting or outer space, typicallyprovide a gas supply system to a user who is underwater, or in anotheroxygen-depleted or toxic gas environment. These systems are typicallyportable and are adapted to provide sustained usable air for breathingfor an estimated period of time.

Examples include AQUA-LUNG® or SCUBA (Self Contained UnderwaterBreathing Apparatus), which is used by free divers and, in similarfashion, by fire fighters in many hazardous situations. Typically, aSCUBA-type apparatus employs a relatively large tank containing acompressed gas mixture and a mouthpiece or face mask connected to thetank through a flow regulator. The gas mixture commonly consists of twoor more constituent gases, such as oxygen and one or more inert gasessuch as nitrogen. A user inhales from the tank and exhales into theambient atmosphere.

Another type of apparatus, a rebreathing apparatus, has been developedto recycle gases exhaled by a user to remove carbon dioxide therefromwith a “scrubber” and then recycle the unmetabolized oxygen. Oxygen oran oxygen-enriched gas mixture is injected into the “scrubbed” gas froma supply source to maintain the partial pressure of oxygen in the gasmixture at a desired level, and then the gas mixture is passed back tothe user for rebreathing. Rebreathers can therefore extend the amount oftime the breathing device can be used by lowering the rate ofconsumption of the gas mixture.

Pure oxygen is often utilized in rebreathers, introducing the problem ofhyperoxia, which is excess oxygen in body tissues caused by breathingoxygen at elevated partial pressures or oxygen-rich gases at normalatmospheric pressure for a prolonged period of time. Hyperoxia can causecell damage in the central nervous system and the lungs of a user.

Early rebreather systems were relegated to use by professionals inunsafe environmental conditions, such as diving or firefighting, due tothe complexity and costs of the systems as well as the extensivetraining required for the use of these systems. These systems exhibitedan undesirable level of control over partial pressure of oxygen(PP_(oxygen)) in the gas mixture present in the rebreather system,potentially resulting in a user experiencing hyperoxia or hypoxia, whichis oxygen deprivation capable of causing loss of consciousness,seizures, coma, priapism or death. An increase or decrease inPP_(oxygen) in a rebreather can result in a hyperoxic or hypoxic gasdetrimental to the rebreather user.

Because of the dangers posed by hyperoxia and hypoxia, it is essentialfor the diver to monitor and have accurate data for PP_(oxygen) for theduration of a dive. Currently-available rebreather systems incorporatesensors, processors and indicators to detect, measure, control anddisplay PP_(oxygen) continuously during a dive. However, the sensorsused in these systems, while improved over early rebreather systems, arestill prone to malfunctions, rendering the systems less reliable thandesired for maintaining target oxygen levels. Often, the problem ofmalfunctioning sensors is not resolved even by incorporating redundantsensors in the rebreather and utilizing a protocol implemented by theprocessor to identify whether one or more of the sensors is notoperating correctly.

Methods and protocols known in the art are directed to monitoring oxygenlevels during a dive. For the foregoing reasons, there is a need for anapparatus and method that may be used by a diver prior to undertaking adive in order to confirm proper functioning of the rebreather sensorsand processor.

SUMMARY

Using a singular sealed apparatus and method of the present invention,it is advantageous to perform a pre-dive safety check of the sensors andprocessor in a rebreather by measuring the partial pressure of oxygen oranother selected gas in a gas mixture of known composition using atleast one rebreather sensor, while at the same time independentlymeasuring absolute gas pressure, which is the total pressure of the gasmixture in the singular sealed apparatus, and calculating the partialpressure of the selected as a product of absolute gas pressure and theconcentration of the gas in the gas mixture. In other words,PP_(gas)=(absolute gas pressure)×(% gas concentration), where % gasconcentration in the gas mixture is known and absolute gas pressure andPP_(gas) are expressed in any suitable units.

This pre-dive safety check provides the advantage of determiningPP_(oxygen) independent of the rebreather sensor, eliminating apotential source of error. The PP_(oxygen) value calculated using thesingular sealed apparatus and method of the present invention may becompared with the PP_(oxygen) value measured by the rebreather sensorand processor. A difference between the calculated PP_(oxygen) value andthe measured PP_(oxygen) value indicates that the rebreather sensor orthe rebreather processor is not operating properly and must be servicedor replaced before use during a dive.

Accordingly, an object of this invention is a singular sealed apparatussuitable for comparing gas pressure measurements in a rebreather. Thesingular sealed apparatus comprises a rebreather canister lid, arebreather processor, a rebreather sensor, a rebreather indicator, arebreather hole formed in the rebreather canister lid, a pod, a reliefvalve, a gas supply inlet, a pressure measurement outlet, a gas exitvalve, a plug, a pressure sensor, a processor, an indicator and an inputdevice. In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises aninterface that comprises the pressure sensor, processor, indicator andinput device.

The rebreather processor is adapted to receive measurement signalscorresponding to partial pressure of a gas in a gas mixture present inthe apparatus and to transmit measurement data for concentration orpartial pressure of the gas.

The rebreather sensor is attached to a surface of the rebreathercanister lid that is exposed to the gas mixture present in theapparatus. The rebreather sensor has a connection with the rebreatherprocessor for transmitting signals and is adapted to produce measurementsignals corresponding to concentration or partial pressure of the gas inthe gas mixture present in the apparatus and to transmit the measurementsignals to the rebreather processor.

The rebreather indicator has a connection with the rebreather processorfor receiving measurement data and is adapted to receive and indicatemeasurement data for concentration or partial pressure of the gas in thegas mixture present in the apparatus.

The rebreather hole is formed in the rebreather canister lid. In someembodiments, the rebreather hole is adapted to removably receive a hose.

The pod is adapted to be removably attached to the rebreather canisterlid.

In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises a fastener adaptedto removably secure the pod to the rebreather canister lid.

The relief valve, gas supply inlet, gas pressure regulator, pressuremeasurement outlet and gas exit valve are integrated into the pod. Therelief valve limits absolute gas pressure in the apparatus.

The plug is adapted to removably fill the rebreather hole.

In some embodiments, the pressure sensor is adapted to be removablyconnected to the pressure measurement outlet.

In some embodiments, the interface is adapted to be removably connectedto the pressure measurement outlet. In some embodiments, the interfacecomprises a pressure sensor adapted to measure absolute gas pressure inthe apparatus and transmit absolute pressure measurement signals.

In some embodiments, the interface further comprises an input deviceadapted to permit a user to input a concentration of a gas in a gasmixture present in the apparatus and to transmit data corresponding tothe concentration of the gas in the gas mixture.

In some embodiments, the interface further comprises a processor adaptedto receive absolute pressure measurement signals from the pressuresensor, receive data for concentration of the gas present in theapparatus from the input device, calculate partial pressure of a gas ina gas mixture present in the apparatus as a product of absolute gaspressure and the concentration of the gas in the gas mixture, andtransmit data corresponding to absolute gas pressure and partialpressure of the gas in the gas mixture.

In some embodiments, the interface further comprises an indicatoradapted to receive data from the processor and indicate absolute gaspressure and partial pressure of the gas in the gas mixture.

In some embodiments, the pressure sensor, input device, processor andindicator have connections adapted for transmitting and receiving dataand signals.

Another object of this invention is a method suitable for comparing gaspressure measurements in a singular sealed apparatus. The methodcomprises removably attaching the rebreather canister lid to the pod;removably filling the rebreather hole with the plug; opening the gasexit valve; inputting a concentration of a gas using the input device;admitting a gas mixture comprising the gas into the gas supply inlet;closing the gas exit valve; measuring absolute pressure of the gasmixture using the pressure sensor; calculating partial pressure of thegas using the processor; indicating partial pressure of the gas usingthe indicator; measuring partial pressure of the gas using therebreather sensor and rebreather processor; indicating partial pressureof the gas using the rebreather indicator; and comparing partialpressure of the gas as indicated by the rebreather indicator to partialpressure of the gas as indicated by the indicator. One of ordinary skillin the art will recognize that the initial addition of the gas mixturewill expel the ambient atmosphere present in the singular sealedapparatus, and the gas exit valve may be closed once the singular sealedapparatus contains only the gas mixture.

In some embodiments, the method further comprises removably attachingthe pressure sensor to the pressure measurement outlet;

In some embodiments, the method further comprises removably attachingthe interface to the pressure measurement outlet.

Although very narrow claims are presented herein, it should berecognized that the scope of this invention is much broader thanpresented by the claim. It is intended that broader claims will besubmitted in an application that claims the benefit of priority fromthis application.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

These and other features, aspects and advantages of the presentinvention will become better understood with regard to the followingdescription, appended claims and accompanying drawings where:

FIG. 1 shows a front perspective view of an apparatus embodying featuresof the present invention;

FIG. 2 shows a sectional view of an apparatus embodying features of thepresent invention;

FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of an apparatus embodying features ofthe present invention;

FIG. 4 shows a flowchart of a method embodying features of the presentinvention;

FIG. 5 shows a front perspective view of an apparatus embodying featuresof the present invention;

FIG. 6 shows a sectional view of an apparatus embodying features of thepresent invention; and

FIG. 7 shows a sectional view of an apparatus embodying features of thepresent invention.

DESCRIPTION

A rebreather comprises a rebreather scrubber canister, which comprises arebreather canister lid 100 and a rebreather canister body. A rebreatherfurther comprises at least one rebreather sensor 102, a rebreatherprocessor 104 for receiving signals from the rebreather sensor 102 andfor transmitting data, including absolute gas pressure of a gas mixturepresent in the rebreather and partial pressure of a selected gas in thegas mixture, and a rebreather indicator 108 for receiving and displayingdata from the rebreather processor. Many commercially-availablerebreathers incorporate as many as three rebreather sensors 102. Incommon dive practice, the rebreather sensor 102, rebreather processor104 and rebreather indicator 108 are used by a diver to measure, controland indicate PP_(oxygen) continuously during a dive.

In some embodiments, the gas mixture comprises a single gas. In someembodiments, the selected gas is oxygen.

The rebreather sensor 102 is customarily attached to the rebreathercanister lid 100, and connections 103 are provided between therebreather sensor 102 and rebreather processor 104 and between therebreather processor 104 and rebreather indicator 108 for transmittingand receiving data and signals. The rebreather sensor 102 is attached toa surface of the rebreather canister lid 100 that is exposed to the gasmixture present in the rebreather.

One or more rebreather holes 106 typically are present in the rebreathercanister lid 100. In some embodiments, the rebreather holes 106 haveshapes and configurations adapted to removably receive one or more hosesthrough which gases move into or out of the rebreather scrubbercanister.

In some embodiments, the rebreather processor 104 applies a selectionprotocol to the signals from the rebreather sensor 102.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the present invention provides a pod 200. Insome embodiments, the pod 200 is cylindrical with an annularcross-section, closed on one end and open on the opposite end. In someembodiments, the pod 200 incorporates an o-ring or other seal around theperiphery of the open end. In some embodiments, the pod 200 isconstructed from any plastic, metal or other material providing suitablerigidity and impermeability to gases at pressures of approximately 30pounds per square inch, or psi. In some embodiments, the pod 200 isconstructed from aluminum alloy.

In some embodiments, the pod 200 is adapted to be removably attached tothe rebreather canister lid 100, such that different embodiments ormodels of the pod 200 may be distinctly adapted to mate with differentrebreather canister lid 100 of various commercially-availablerebreathers having different shapes and configurations. In someembodiments, the singular sealed apparatus includes a fastener adaptedto removably secure the pod 200 to the rebreather canister lid 100.

In some embodiments, a relief valve 202 is integrated into the pod 200to limit absolute gas pressure in the singular sealed apparatusapparatus and thereby protect structural integrity of the singularsealed apparatus and the rebreather sensor 102. The relief valve 202operates by allowing gas present in the singular sealed apparatus toescape when the absolute gas pressure in the singular sealed apparatusexceeds a preset level. The absolute gas pressure in the singular sealedapparatus preferably is kept at 30 psi or less. Suitable relief valvesare commercially-available from, for example, Swagelok®.

In some embodiments, a gas supply inlet 204 is integrated into the pod200 to permit addition of a gas mixture into the singular sealedapparatus, usually from a pressurized tank. In some embodiments, a gaspressure regulator is integrated into the gas supply inlet 204. Gasmixtures are commonly supplied from tanks pressurized to 140 psi, which,in some embodiments, exceeds the operating limit of the singular sealedapparatus. The gas pressure regulator reduces the pressure of the gasmixture at the gas supply inlet 204 to 30 psi, which is within theoperating limit of the apparatus. Suitable gas pressure regulators arecommercially-available from, for example, Victor® Manufacturing.

In some embodiments, a pressure measurement outlet 206 is integratedinto the pod 200. The pressure measurement outlet 206 is adapted topermit sampling of the gas present in the singular sealed apparatus tomeasure absolute gas pressure.

In some embodiments, a gas exit valve 207 is integrated into the pod200. The gas exit valve 207 is adapted to permit expulsion of gaspresent in the singular sealed apparatus and to be opened or closed,such as a needle valve. The gas exit valve 207 may include a one-waycheck valve to permit only outflow of gas from the singular sealedapparatus.

In some embodiments, the present invention comprises a pressure sensor,a processor, an input device and an indicator. In some embodiments, thepressure sensor is adapted to measure absolute gas pressure in thesingular sealed apparatus and transmit absolute gas pressure measurementsignals.

In some embodiments, the input device is adapted to permit a user toinput a known concentration of a gas present in the singular sealedapparatus and to transmit data for concentration of the gas present inthe singular sealed apparatus.

In some embodiments, the processor is a general purpose computer adaptedto receive absolute gas pressure measurement signals from the pressuresensor, receive data corresponding to the concentration of a gas in agas mixture present in the singular sealed apparatus from the inputdevice, calculate the partial pressure of the gas in the gas mixturepresent in the singular sealed apparatus and transmit data correspondingto absolute gas pressure and partial pressure of the gas in the gasmixture to the indicator.

In some embodiments, the indicator is adapted to receive data from theprocessor and indicate absolute gas pressure and the partial pressure ofthe gas in the gas mixture present in the singular sealed apparatus. Insome embodiments, the indicator may incorporate a liquid crystal displayscreen or other suitable visual indicating mechanism to display data.

In some embodiments, the pressure sensor, input device, processor andindicator have connections adapted for transmitting and receiving dataand signals.

In some embodiments, the present invention comprises an interface 208.In some embodiments, the interface 208 comprises the pressure sensor,input device, processor and indicator.

As shown in FIGS. 3, 6 and 7, in some embodiments, the interface 208comprises a solid housing 210, a stem 211 and a gas inlet valve 212. Insome embodiments, the interface 208 is adapted to be removably connectedto the pressure measurement outlet 206. In some embodiments, theinterface 208 may be connected directly to the pressure measurementoutlet 206, for example, by a threaded or quick-release connectionmounted on the stem 211. In some embodiments, the interface 208 may beconnected to the pressure measurement outlet 206 using hose or pipesuitable for containment of pressurized gas present in the singularsealed apparatus. In some embodiments, the input device is a keypad 214adapted to permit entry of numerical data. In some embodiments, theindicator is a display 216 adapted to show numerical data.

In some embodiments, the present invention further provides one or moreplugs having shapes and configurations suitable for filling andhermetically sealing the rebreather holes 106 found in the rebreathercanister lid.

In some embodiments, the interface 208 comprises a power source 213 anda pressure transducer assembly 215, which may further comprise anelectrical connector 217. In some embodiments, the interface 208comprises a microprocessor mounted behind the display 216 and adjacentto the power source 213 and connections between the microprocessor, theelectrical connector 217, the display 216 and the keypad 214 adapted fortransmitting and receiving data and signals.

In some embodiments, the gas inlet valve 212 is adapted to receive a gasmixture flowing from the pressure measurement outlet 206. In someembodiments, the pressure transducer assembly 215 is adapted to measurethe absolute pressure of the gas mixture flowing from the pressuremeasurement outlet 206 into the gas inlet valve 212 and to convertpressure measurements into electrical signals, and the electricalconnector 217 is adapted to transmit the electrical signals to themicroprocessor. In some embodiments, the microprocessor is adapted toreceive electrical signals from the electrical connector 217, determinethe absolute pressure of the gas mixture flowing from the pressuremeasurement outlet 206 into the gas inlet valve 212, receive inputsignals from the keypad 214 identifying the concentration of a selectedgas in the gas mixture flowing from the pressure measurement outlet 206into the gas inlet valve 212, calculate the partial pressure of theselected gas in the gas mixture flowing from the pressure measurementoutlet 206 into the gas inlet valve 212 and transmit data to the display216 corresponding to the absolute pressure of the gas mixture flowingfrom the pressure measurement outlet 206 into the gas inlet valve 212and the partial pressure of the selected gas in the gas mixture.

A singular sealed apparatus of the present invention may be assembled byattaching the open end of the pod 200 to the rebreather canister lid100, attaching the pressure sensor or the interface 208 to the pressuremeasurement outlet 206, filling any rebreather holes 106 present in therebreather canister lid 100 with the plugs and attaching a gas supply,typically a pressurized tank, to the gas supply inlet 204 to admit a gasmixture into the singular sealed apparatus. One of ordinary skill in theart will recognize that the singular sealed apparatus thus assembledprovides a closed system that is hermetically sealed.

In accordance with a method provided by the present invention, as shownin FIG. 4, the user can assemble the singular sealed apparatus asdescribed above, open the gas exit valve, input the gas concentrationand admit the gas mixture from the gas supply into the singular sealedapparatus.

The initial addition of the gas mixture will expel the ambientatmosphere present in the singular sealed apparatus, and the gas exitvalve may be closed once the singular sealed apparatus contains only thegas mixture.

Because the singular sealed apparatus is closed and hermetically sealed,absolute gas pressure in the singular sealed apparatus will reachsteady-state.

After the gas mixture is admitted into the singular sealed apparatus,the pressure sensor measures absolute gas pressure in the singularsealed apparatus and transmits pressure measurement signals to theprocessor. The processor receives the absolute gas pressure measurementsignals from the pressure sensor and the concentration of a selected gasin the gas mixture from the input device and then calculates the partialpressure of the selected gas in the gas mixture as a product of absolutegas pressure and the concentration of the selected gas in the gasmixture, or PP_(gas)=(absolute gas pressure)×(% gas concentration). Theprocessor transmits the calculated value of the partial pressure of thegas to the indicator, and the indicator can display the absolute gaspressure and the calculated value of the partial pressure of theselected gas.

After the gas mixture is admitted into the singular sealed apparatus,the rebreather sensor 102 measures the partial pressure of the gas andtransmits the measurement data to the rebreather processor 104, whichtransmits the measured value of the partial pressure of the gas to therebreather indicator 108.

One of ordinary skill in the art will understand that the measured andcalculated partial pressure values can be determined in any order orsimultaneously.

The user can compare the calculated partial pressure value shown on theindicator with the measured partial pressure value shown on therebreather indicator 108. The calculated partial pressure value isindependent of sensor related effects and can serve as the standard forcomparison. Accordingly, a discrepancy between the calculated partialpressure value and the measured partial pressure value would indicatethat the rebreather sensor 102 or the rebreather processor 104 is notoperating correctly.

The singular sealed apparatus of the present invention may be modifiedto further comprise an analyzer 105 adapted to measure and indicatepartial pressure values of the selected gas received from a rebreathersensor 102, wherein the analyzer may comprise any suitablemicroprocessor adapted to receive data and signals corresponding tomeasurements of the partial pressure of a gas and an indicator adaptedto display numerical data corresponding to measurements of the partialpressure of a gas. The rebreather sensor 102 can be connected totransmit signals and data to both the analyzer 105 and the rebreatherprocessor 104. When a user assembles this embodiment of the singularsealed apparatus and admits a gas mixture from a gas supply, theinterface 208 will indicate a calculated partial pressure value for theselected gas and the analyzer 105 and the rebreather indicator 108 willindicate measured partial pressure values for the selected gas.

This embodiment provides the further advantage of identifying whethereither the rebreather sensor 102 or the rebreather processor 104 is notoperating properly. If the measured partial pressure value indicated bythe rebreather indicator 108 is different from the calculated partialpressure value and the measured partial pressure value indicated by theanalyzer 105, then the rebreather processor 104 is not operatingproperly. If both measured partial pressure values indicated by theanalyzer 105 and the rebreather indicator 108 are different from thecalculated partial pressure value, then the rebreather sensor 102 is notoperating properly.

Another embodiment of the present invention is a singular sealedapparatus as shown in FIG. 5. The apparatus comprises a pod 200 and alid 218 adapted to be removably attached to the pod 200. In someembodiments, the singular sealed apparatus comprises a relief valve 202,a gas supply inlet 204, a pressure measurement outlet 206 and a gas exitvalve 207 integrated into the pod 200 and/or the lid 218. In someembodiments, the singular sealed apparatus comprises a rebreather sensor102 disposed inside of the singular sealed apparatus and an analyzer 105disposed outside of the singular sealed apparatus that is adapted tomeasure and indicate values of the partial pressure of a gas from arebreather sensor 102, with connections 103 between the rebreathersensor 102 and the analyzer 105 for transmitting and receiving data andsignals. In some embodiments, the rebreather sensor 102 and the analyzer105 may be connected through either the pod 200 or lid 218. In someembodiments, the singular sealed apparatus further comprises aninterface 208 comprising a pressure sensor, input device, processor andindicator. In some embodiments, the analyzer 105 may incorporate aliquid crystal display screen or other suitable visual indicatingmechanism to display data.

A user may assemble the embodiment of the present invention shown inFIG. 5 by disconnecting the rebreather sensor 102 from a rebreatherapparatus and connecting the rebreather sensor 102 to the analyzer 105through the lid 218. In other embodiments, the rebreather sensor 102 andanalyzer 105 may be connected through the pod 200. The user may thenattach the lid 218 to the pod 200 and attach the interface 208 to thesingular sealed apparatus. The user may then open the gas exit valve207, input a known gas concentration, admit a gas mixture from a gassupply into the singular sealed apparatus and close the gas exit valve207 when the ambient atmosphere present in the singular sealed apparatushas been expelled by the addition of the gas mixture. The user can thencompare the calculated gas partial pressure value displayed by theinterface 208 with the measured gas partial pressure value displayed bythe analyzer 105.

The previously described embodiments of the present invention have manyadvantages, including enabling a diver to verify the accuracy of gaspartial pressure measurements made by the rebreather sensor 102 andthereby to confirm the operability status of the rebreather sensor 102and rebreather processor 104 prior to using such equipment during adive. The invention does not require that all advantageous features beincorporated into, or all advantages provided by, every embodiment ofthe invention.

Although the present invention has been described in considerable detailwith reference to certain embodiments thereof, other embodiments arepossible. Therefore, the spirit and scope of the appended claims shouldnot be limited to the description of the embodiments contained therein.

Insofar as the description above and the accompanying drawing discloseany additional subject matter that is not within the scope of the singleclaim below, the inventions are not dedicated to the public and theright to file one or more applications to claim such additionalinventions is reserved.

What is claimed is:
 1. An apparatus suitable for comparing gas pressuremeasurements in a singular sealed apparatus, the apparatus comprising:(a) a rebreather canister lid; (b) a rebreather processor; (c) arebreather sensor; (d) a rebreather indicator; (e) a rebreather hole;(f) a pod suitable for housing a gas mixture; (g) a relief valve; (h) agas supply inlet; (i) a gas pressure regulator; (j) a pressuremeasurement outlet; (k) a gas exit valve; (l) a plug; (m) a pressuresensor; (n) an input device; (o) a processor; and (p) an indicatorwherein (A) the rebreather processor receives measurement signalscorresponding to partial pressure of a gas present in the apparatus andtransmits measurement data for partial pressure, the rebreatherprocessor being attached to the rebreather canister lid; (B) therebreather sensor produces measurement signals corresponding to partialpressure of the gas present in the apparatus and transmits themeasurement signals to the rebreather processor, the rebreather sensorhaving a connection with the rebreather processor for transmittingsignals and being attached to a surface of the rebreather canister lidthat is exposed to the gas present in the apparatus; (C) the rebreatherindicator receives and indicates to a user measurement data for partialpressure of the gas present in the apparatus, the rebreather indicatorhaving a connection with the rebreather processor for receivingmeasurement data; (D) the rebreather hole is formed in the rebreathercanister lid; (E) the pod is adapted to be removably attached to therebreather canister lid; (F) the relief valve is integrated into the podto limit absolute as pressure in the apparatus; (G) the gas supply inletis integrated into the pod; (H) the gas pressure regulator is integratedinto the gas supply inlet; (I) the pressure measurement outlet isintegrated into the pod; (J) the gas exit valve is integrated into thepod; (K) the plug removably fills the rebreather hole; (L) the pressuresensor measures absolute gas pressure in the apparatus and transmitsabsolute pressure measurement signals; (M) the input device permits auser to input a concentration of the gas present in the apparatus andtransmits data for concentration of the gas present in the apparatus;(N) the processor receives absolute pressure measurement signals fromthe pressure sensor, receives data for concentration of the gas presentin the apparatus from the input device, calculates partial pressure ofthe gas present in the apparatus and transmits measurement data; and (O)the indicator receives measurement data from the processor and indicatespartial pressure of the gas present in the apparatus.
 2. The singularsealed apparatus suitable for comparing gas pressure measurements ofclaim 1, the apparatus further comprising an interface comprising thepressure sensor, input device, processor and indicator.
 3. The singularsealed apparatus suitable for comparing gas pressure measurements ofclaim 1, the apparatus further comprising a fastener.
 4. The singularsealed apparatus suitable for comparing gas pressure measurements ofclaim 1, the apparatus further comprising an interface comprising thepressure sensor, input device, processor and indicator, wherein theinterface is removably connected to the pressure measurement outlet. 5.The singular sealed apparatus suitable for comparing gas pressuremeasurements of claim 1, the apparatus further comprising a fastener toremovably secure the pod to the rebreather canister lid.
 6. The singularsealed apparatus suitable for comparing gas pressure measurements ofclaim 1, the apparatus further comprising a pressure sensor removablyconnected to the pressure measurement outlet.
 7. The singular sealedapparatus suitable for comparing gas pressure measurements of claim 1,the apparatus further comprising an analyzer connected to the rebreathersensor and receives measurement signals corresponding to partialpressure of the gas present in the apparatus and to indicate measurementdata for partial pressure of the gas.
 8. An apparatus suitable forcomparing gas pressure measurements in a singular sealed apparatus, theapparatus comprising: (a) a pod; (b) a lid removably attached to thepod; (c) an analyzer to receive measurement signals corresponding topartial pressure of the gas present in the apparatus and to indicatemeasurement data for partial pressure of the gas; (d) a rebreathersensor to produce measurement signals corresponding to partial pressureof the gas present in the apparatus and to transmit the measurementsignals to the analyzer, the rebreather sensor having a connection withthe analyzer for transmitting signals and being attached to a surface ofthe rebreather canister lid that is exposed to the gas present in theapparatus; (e) a relief valve integrated into the pod to limit absolutegas pressure in the apparatus; (f) a gas supply inlet integrated intothe pod; (g) a gas pressure regulator integrated into the gas supplyinlet; (h) a pressure measurement outlet integrated into the pod; (i) agas exit valve integrated into the pod; (j) a pressure sensor to measureabsolute gas pressure in the apparatus and transmit absolute pressuremeasurement signals; (k) an input device to permit a user to input aconcentration of the gas present in the apparatus and to transmit datafor concentration of the gas present in the apparatus; (l) a processorto receive absolute pressure measurement signals from the pressuresensor, receive data for concentration of the gas present in theapparatus from the input device, calculate partial pressure of the gaspresent in the apparatus and transmit measurement data; and (m) anindicator to receive measurement data from the processor and indicatepartial pressure of the gas present in the apparatus.
 9. The singularsealed apparatus suitable for comparing gas pressure measurements ofclaim 8, the apparatus further comprising an interface comprising thepressure sensor, input device, processor and indicator, wherein theinterface is removably connected to the pressure measurement outlet. 10.The singular sealed apparatus suitable for comparing gas pressuremeasurements of claim 8, the apparatus further comprising a pressuresensor removably connected to the pressure measurement outlet.
 11. Amethod for performing a pre-dive safety check determining whether arebreather processor and sensors are functioning properly, the methodcomprising: (a) assembling a singular sealed apparatus; (b) inputting aconcentration of a gas present in a gas mixture; (c) admitting the gasmixture into the singular sealed apparatus; (d) expelling ambient gaspresent in the singular sealed apparatus; (e) measuring absolutepressure of the gas mixture and converting the absolute measurementsinto electrical signals; (f) calculating partial pressure of the gas;(g) displaying the calculated partial pressure of the gas; (h) measuringpartial pressure of the gas; (i) displaying the measured partialpressure of the gas; and (j) determining whether the rebreatherprocessor and sensors are functioning properly by comparing thecalculated partial pressure of the gas to the measured partial pressureof the gas, wherein (A) the singular sealed apparatus comprises arebreather canister lid removably attached to a pod and a plug filling arebreather hole; (B) the concentration of the gas present in the gasmixture is input using an input device; (C) the gas mixture is admittedinto the singular sealed apparatus using a gas supply inlet; (D) ambientgas present in the singular sealed apparatus is expelled using a gasexit valve; (E) the absolute pressure of the gas mixture is measuredusing a pressure sensor; (F) the partial pressure of the gas iscalculated using a processor; (G) the calculated partial pressure of thegas is indicated using an indicator; (H) the partial pressure of the gasis measured using a rebreather sensor and rebreather processor; and (I)the measured partial pressure of the gas is indicated using a rebreatherindicator.
 12. The method for performing a pre-dive safety check ofclaim 11, further comprising attaching a pressure sensor to a pressuremeasurement outlet.
 13. The method for performing a pre-dive safetycheck of claim 11, further comprising attaching an interface to apressure measurement outlet.
 14. The method for performing a pre-divesafety check of claim 11, further comprising attaching a pressure sensorto a pressure measurement outlet.
 15. The method for performing apre-dive safety check of claim 11, the method further comprisingattaching an interface to a pressure measurement outlet.